CoursMecaniqueEnergie/CoursMecaniqueOSDF.toc

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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{17}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Du temps}{17}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}De l'infiniment grand \IeC {\`a} l'infiniment petit}{17}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}L'Univers}{17}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}Les amas de galaxies}{18}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}Les galaxies}{19}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.4}Les \IeC {\'e}toiles}{20}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.5}Le syst\IeC {\`e}me solaire}{20}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.6}La Terre et la Lune}{22}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{La Terre}{22}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{La Lune}{23}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Les mar\IeC {\'e}es}{25}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.7}Le monde subatomique}{28}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Conclusion}{32}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}La cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{33}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{33}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Position}{33}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Dimensions}{33}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Syst\IeC {\`e}me d'axes}{33}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Position}{33}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}D\IeC {\'e}placement}{34}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.5}Distance parcourue}{34}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Vitesse}{34}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Vitesse moyenne}{34}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Exemples}{34}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 1}{34}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 2}{34}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}Vitesse instantan\IeC {\'e}e}{34}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration moyenne}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Exemples}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 1}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 2}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Remarque~:}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.3}L'acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration instantan\IeC {\'e}e}{35}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Mouvements simples}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.1}Le mouvement rectiligne uniforme}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{35}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Un exemple~: Apollo en route vers la Lune}{36}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Autre exemple~: le d\IeC {\'e}placement d'Androm\IeC {\`e}de}{37}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.2}Mouvement rectiligne uniform\IeC {\'e}ment acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}r\IeC {\'e} (MRUA)}{37}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{37}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{37}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.3}La chute libre}{38}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{38}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{38}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exp\IeC {\'e}rience}{38}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Calculs}{38}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Analyse des r\IeC {\'e}sultats}{39}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Conclusions}{40}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.4}Balistique}{40}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{40}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{40}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{\IeC {\'E}quations}{40}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Premier exemple}{41}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Second exemple}{41}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.5}La chute libre ... de la Lune}{41}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.6}Mouvement circulaire uniforme (MCU)}{43}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Relation importante}{43}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.7}Lois de Kepler}{44}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}La m\IeC {\'e}canique}{47}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}La \FB@og m\IeC {\'e}canique\fg {} d'Aristote}{47}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Introduction}{47}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Platon}{47}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}Aristote}{48}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{48}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dynamique}{48}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}M\IeC {\'e}canique de Newton}{51}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Introduction}{51}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}M\IeC {\'e}canique}{51}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Les trois lois de Newton}{51}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Force ext\IeC {\'e}rieure}{52}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemples}{53}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Types de forces}{53}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Loi de la gravitation universelle}{54}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le poids}{54}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exemple}{55}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Masse et poids}{56}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Poids apparent}{56}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Gravitation et MCU}{58}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Troisi\IeC {\`e}me loi de Kepler}{59}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Les mar\IeC {\'e}es}{61}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le frottement}{65}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exemple}{66}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{La force d'un ressort}{66}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exemple}{66}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}M\IeC {\'e}canique en plusieurs dimensions}{69}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}liminaires}{69}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Dimensions}{69}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Syst\IeC {\`e}me d'axes}{69}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Notion de vecteur en physique}{69}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Norme d'un vecteur}{69}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Op\IeC {\'e}rations vectorielles}{70}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{produit scalaire}{70}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Produit vectoriel}{70}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}M\IeC {\'e}canique}{70}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{70}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Position}{70}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Vitesse}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Dynamique}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Premi\IeC {\`e}re loi}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Seconde loi}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Troisi\IeC {\`e}me loi}{71}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Exemples}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Statique}{71}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Plan inclin\IeC {\'e}}{72}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Balistique}{74}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Mouvement circulaire uniforme~: MCU}{76}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{76}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{76}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Relation importante}{77}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dynamique}{77}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Virages inclin\IeC {\'e}s}{77}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Vitesses minimales}{78}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Vitesses maximales}{79}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Satellite en orbite g\IeC {\'e}ostationnaire}{80}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Introduction}{80}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Th\IeC {\'e}oriquement}{80}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Num\IeC {\'e}riquement}{80}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Mouvement central}{80}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement kepleriens}{80}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Loi de Kepler}{80}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}M\IeC {\'e}canique diff\IeC {\'e}rentielle}{83}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{83}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{83}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Exemples}{84}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement rectiligne uniform\IeC {\'e}ment acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}r\IeC {\'e}~: MRUA}{84}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Port\IeC {\'e} maximum en balistique}{84}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Dynamique}{85}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}Int\IeC {\'e}gration}{85}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chute libre}{85}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Freinage}{85}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.2}\IeC {\'E}quation diff\IeC {\'e}rentielle}{85}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chute dans un fluide visqueux}{85}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement harmonique}{87}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement harmonique d'une masse pendante}{88}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement non lin\IeC {\'e}aire}{89}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Quantit\IeC {\'e} de mouvement}{91}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{91}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Quantit\IeC {\'e} de mouvement}{91}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Masse d'inertie}{91}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{92}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Choc parfaitement \IeC {\'e}lastique}{92}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Exemple}{92}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Choc parfaitement mou}{93}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.1}Exemple}{93}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.6}choc bidimentionnel}{94}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.6.1}Exemple}{94}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.7}Impulsion}{95}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}L'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{97}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Introduction}{97}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Travail}{97}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Puissance}{98}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}\IeC {\'E}nergie potentielle}{98}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{99}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.6}Th\IeC {\'e}or\IeC {\`e}me de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{99}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.7}Conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{99}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.8}Variation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{101}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.9}\IeC {\'E}nergies renouvelables}{101}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.1}\IeC {\'E}nergie hydraulique}{101}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple}{102}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Types de turbines}{103}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Alternateur}{103}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Probl\IeC {\`e}mes rencontr\IeC {\'e}s}{104}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie \IeC {\'e}olienne}{104}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie solaire}{105}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}nergie solaire thermique}{105}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}nergie solaire \IeC {\'e}lectrique}{107}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.4}\IeC {\'E}nergie g\IeC {\'e}othermique}{108}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.10}\IeC {\'E}nergies non renouvelables}{108}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.1}\IeC {\'E}nergie nucl\IeC {\'e}aire}{109}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fission}{109}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{D\IeC {\'e}chets radioactifs}{110}% 
\contentsline {paragraph}{Accidents nucl\IeC {\'e}aires}{111}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fusion}{111}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie de combustion~: p\IeC {\'e}trole et gaz}{111}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}L'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{115}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Introduction}{115}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Le travail}{115}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.1}Historiquement}{115}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.2}D\IeC {\'e}finition}{116}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Travail simple}{116}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Travail et produit scalaire}{116}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Travail cas g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}ral}{116}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}L'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{117}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.1}Introduction}{117}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie potentielle}{117}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{118}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.4}\IeC {\'E}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{118}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.5}Exemple}{118}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4}Conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{118}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.1}Introduction}{118}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.2}Th\IeC {\'e}or\IeC {\`e}me de conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{118}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.3}Exemples}{119}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5}Limite du th\IeC {\'e}or\IeC {\`e}me de conservation}{120}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.6}Forces conservatives}{120}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}D\IeC {\'e}finition}{120}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Exemples}{120}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le poids}{120}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le ressort}{121}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.3}G\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}ralisation}{121}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}nergie gravifique}{122}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Physique th\IeC {\'e}orique}{125}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Introduction}{125}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie potentielle}{125}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{125}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.4}Quantit\IeC {\'e} de mouvement}{125}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.5}Conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{126}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.6}Principe de moindre action}{126}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.1}Lagrangien}{126}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.2}Action}{126}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.3}Minimalisation}{127}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.7}Euler-Lagrange}{127}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Thermodynamique}{129}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}Introduction}{129}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Temp\IeC {\'e}rature}{129}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.1}Celsius}{129}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.2}Fahrenheit}{129}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.3}Kelvin}{130}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.4}Agitation mol\IeC {\'e}culaire}{130}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}Dilatation}{130}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.4}Chaleur}{131}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.1}Chaleur sp\IeC {\'e}cifique}{131}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.2}Chaleur latente}{131}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.5}\IeC {\'E}nergie thermique}{132}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.1}Premier principe}{133}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}Thermodynamique}{135}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.1}Temp\IeC {\'e}rature et dilatation}{135}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.1.1}Temp\IeC {\'e}rature}{135}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.1.2}Dilatation}{135}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.2}Chaleurs sp\IeC {\'e}cifique et latente}{137}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.2.1}Introduction}{137}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.2.2}Chaleur sp\IeC {\'e}cifique}{137}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chaleur massique}{137}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Capacit\IeC {\'e} thermique}{138}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Notion de mole}{138}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chaleur molaire}{138}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Relation entre chaleur massique et molaire}{139}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chaleur latente}{139}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}vaporation}{140}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.2.3}Bilan thermique}{140}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.3}Loi des gaz parfaits}{141}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.3.1}\IeC {\'E}quation d'\IeC {\'e}tat}{141}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Pression}{141}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}tat d'un gaz parfait}{141}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Approche intuitive}{141}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Approche mol\IeC {\'e}culaire}{142}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.3.2}Gaz parfait}{143}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.4}Premier principe}{143}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4.1}Chaleur}{143}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4.2}Travail}{144}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie interne}{144}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}quipartition de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{145}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4.4}Premier principe}{145}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4.5}Changements d'\IeC {\'e}tats}{145}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation isobare}{146}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation isochore}{146}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation isotherme}{147}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation adiabatique}{148}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4.6}Chaleurs sp\IeC {\'e}cifiques}{149}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.5}Machines thermiques}{150}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.1}Machine simple}{150}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.2}Moteur \IeC {\`a} explosion}{152}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.3}Moteur Diesel}{154}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.4}Machine de Stirling}{156}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.5}Climatiseur}{156}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.6}R\IeC {\'e}frig\IeC {\'e}rateur}{156}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.7}Pompe \IeC {\`a} chaleur}{156}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5.8}Cycle de Carnot}{156}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.6}Thermodynamique statistique}{157}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.7}Second principe}{158}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Syst\IeC {\`e}mes d'unit\IeC {\'e}s}{159}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Introduction}{159}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Op\IeC {\'e}rateur d'unit\IeC {\'e}s}{159}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Analyse dimensionnelle}{160}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.4}Les unit\IeC {\'e}s du Syst\IeC {\`e}me International}{161}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.4.1}Exemple}{161}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.5}Conversions}{161}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.6}Sous-multiples}{162}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.7}Notation scientifique}{162}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.8}R\IeC {\`e}gles de calcul}{163}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}Deux syst\IeC {\`e}mes de coordonn\IeC {\'e}es}{165}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.1}Le syst\IeC {\`e}me de coordonn\IeC {\'e}es circulaires}{165}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.1.1}Introduction}{165}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.1.2}Description}{165}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.2}Coordonn\IeC {\'e}es sph\IeC {\'e}riques}{165}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2.1}Introduction}{165}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2.2}Description}{165}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2.3}Latitude et longitude}{166}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}Mesures de distances}{167}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.1}La taille de la Terre}{167}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {C.1.1}Le principe}{167}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {C.1.2}Techniquement}{168}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.2}La taille de la Lune}{169}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.3}La distance Terre-Lune}{169}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.4}La distance Terre-Soleil}{170}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.5}La distance des \IeC {\'e}toiles}{172}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {D}Travaux pratiques}{173}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.1}Le rapport de laboratoire}{173}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.1.1}Plan d'un rapport de travail pratique}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Pr\IeC {\'e}liminaires}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{R\IeC {\'e}sum\IeC {\'e}}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{But}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Th\IeC {\'e}orie}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description de l'exp\IeC {\'e}rience}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{174}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Discussion}{176}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Conclusion}{176}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Annexes}{176}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.2}La n\IeC {\'e}buleuse du Crabe}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.1}Introduction}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.2}But du travail pratique}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.3}Dispositif exp\IeC {\'e}rimental}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.4}Mesures}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.5}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.6}Analyse}{177}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.3}Le pendule simple}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.3.1}Les mesures}{177}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.3.2}Organisation des donn\IeC {\'e}es et graphiques}{179}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.4}Mouvement simple~: MRU}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.4.1}Les mesures}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.4.2}Organisation des donn\IeC {\'e}es et graphiques}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.4.3}Analyse des r\IeC {\'e}sultats}{180}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.5}Mouvement simple~:\\MRUA}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.1}But}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.2}Th\IeC {\'e}orie}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.3}Les mesures}{180}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.4}Organisation des donn\IeC {\'e}es et graphiques}{181}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.5}Galil\IeC {\'e}e et le plan inclin\IeC {\'e}}{181}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.6}La chute libre}{181}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.6.1}Cette exp\IeC {\'e}rience donnant lieu \IeC {\`a} un rapport not\IeC {\'e}, elle n'est pas d\IeC {\'e}crite.}{181}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.6.2}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{181}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.7}Le canon horizontal}{181}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.8}Le chariot \IeC {\`a} masse pendante}{182}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {E}Rotations}{183}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.1}Rotation de la Terre sur elle-m\IeC {\^e}me}{183}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.2}Rotation de la Terre autour du Soleil}{183}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.3}Rotation du Soleil dans la Voie Lact\IeC {\'e}e}{185}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.4}Vitesse et r\IeC {\'e}f\IeC {\'e}rentiel}{185}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {F}MRUA d\IeC {\'e}veloppements}{187}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {F.1}La position}{187}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {F.2}Une autre relation bien pratique}{187}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {F.2.1}Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{187}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {F.2.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie}{188}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {G}Chute de la Lune}{189}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {G.1}Introduction}{189}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {G.2}Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{189}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {G.3}Force de gravitation}{190}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {H}Satellite en orbite g\IeC {\'e}ostationnaire}{191}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.1}Introduction}{191}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.2}Th\IeC {\'e}oriquement}{191}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.3}Num\IeC {\'e}riquement}{192}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.4}Loi de Kepler}{192}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {I}Relativit\IeC {\'e}}{193}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.1}Relativit\IeC {\'e} galil\IeC {\'e}enne}{193}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.2}Transformation galil\IeC {\'e}enne}{194}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.3}Invariance}{195}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.4}Forces inertielles}{195}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {I.4.1}Force d'inertie}{195}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {I.4.2}Force centrifuge}{196}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {J}Mar\IeC {\'e}es}{197}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.1}Introduction}{197}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.2}Centre de gravit\IeC {\'e}}{197}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.3}Force d'inertie}{198}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.3.1}Vitesse angulaire}{198}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.3.2}Force d'inertie}{198}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.4}Poids relatif}{199}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.5}Analyse diff\IeC {\'e}rentielle}{199}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.6}Autres rythmes}{199}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.1}D\IeC {\'e}calages}{200}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.2}Mar\IeC {\'e}es de vives et mortes eaux}{200}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.3}Mar\IeC {\'e}es d'\IeC {\'e}quinoxes}{200}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.4}Mar\IeC {\'e}es de p\IeC {\'e}rig\IeC {\'e}e et p\IeC {\'e}rih\IeC {\'e}lie}{201}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.5}Mar\IeC {\'e}es de d\IeC {\'e}clinaison}{201}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.6}Retards et mar\IeC {\'e}es c\IeC {\^o}ti\IeC {\`e}res}{201}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.7}Limite de Roche}{201}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.7.1}Mod\IeC {\`e}le simplifi\IeC {\'e}}{202}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.7.2}Exemples}{203}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {K}\IeC {\'E}nergies}{205}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.1}Introduction}{205}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie hydraulique}{205}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie \IeC {\'e}olienne}{206}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {K.3.1}R\IeC {\`e}gle de Betz}{206}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {K.3.2}\IeC {\'E}oliennes}{207}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}olienne de Collonges-Dor\IeC {\'e}naz}{207}% 
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}oliennes du Mont Soleil (Jura suisse)}{207}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.4}G\IeC {\'e}othermie}{207}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.5}\IeC {\'E}nergie de combustion des d\IeC {\'e}chets}{208}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {L}Exercices}{209}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {L.1}Probl\IeC {\`e}mes}{209}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.1}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la conversion d'unit\IeC {\'e}s et \IeC {\`a} la notation scientifique}{209}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.2}Relatifs aux notions de d\IeC {\'e}placement, position et distance parcourue}{209}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.3}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la notion de vitesse}{210}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.4}Relatif \IeC {\`a} la notion d'acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{210}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.5}Relatif au MRU}{211}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.6}Relatif au MRUA}{211}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.7}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la physique aristot\IeC {\'e}licienne}{212}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.8}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la physique newtonienne}{212}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.9}Relatifs aux forces}{214}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.10}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{216}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.11}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{216}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.12}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie hydraulique}{217}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.13}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie \IeC {\'e}olienne}{217}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.14}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie solaire}{217}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {L.2}Solutions}{218}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {L.3}Solutions OS}{233}% 
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {M}Ordre de grandeur, erreur et incertitudes}{245}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {M.1}Ordre de grandeur}{245}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.1.1}Chiffres significatifs}{245}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.1.2}Ordre de grandeur}{245}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {M.2}\IeC {\'E}cart et erreur}{246}% 
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {M.3}Incertitude}{248}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.3.1}Addition/soustraction}{248}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.3.2}Multiplication par un entier}{249}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.3.3}Multiplication/division}{249}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.3.4}Puissance}{250}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.3.5}R\IeC {\'e}sum\IeC {\'e}}{250}% 
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {M.3.6}Exemples}{251}%