\select@language {french}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Du temps}{17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}De l'infiniment grand \IeC {\`a} l'infiniment petit}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}L'univers}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}Les amas de galaxies}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}Les galaxies}{19}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.4}Les \IeC {\'e}toiles}{20}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.5}Le syst\IeC {\`e}me solaire}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.6}La Terre et la Lune}{23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{La Terre}{23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{La Lune}{25}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Les mar\IeC {\'e}es}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.7}Le monde subatomique}{28}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Conclusion}{32}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}La cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Position}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Dimensions}{33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Une dimension}{33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Deux dimensions}{33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Trois dimensions}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Syst\IeC {\`e}me d'axes}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Position}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}D\IeC {\'e}placement}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.5}Distance parcourue}{34}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Vitesse}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Vitesse moyenne}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Exemples}{34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 1}{34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 2}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}Vitesse instantan\IeC {\'e}e}{34}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration moyenne}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Exemples}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 1}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple 2}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Remarque :}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.3}L'acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration instantan\IeC {\'e}e}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Mouvements simples}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.1}Le mouvement rectiligne uniforme (MRU)}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Un exemple : Apollo en route vers la Lune}{36}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Autre exemple : le d\IeC {\'e}placement d'Androm\IeC {\`e}de}{37}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.2}Mouvement rectiligne uniform\IeC {\'e}ment acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}r\IeC {\'e} (MRUA)}{38}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{38}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{38}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.3}La chute libre}{38}
\contentsline {paragraph}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{38}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{38}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exp\IeC {\'e}rience}{38}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Calculs}{38}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Analyse des r\IeC {\'e}sultats}{39}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Conclusions}{40}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.4}Balistique}{40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Propri\IeC {\'e}t\IeC {\'e}s}{40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\IeC {\'E}quations}{40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Premier exemple}{41}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Second exemple}{41}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.5}La chute libre ... de la Lune}{41}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.6}Mouvement circulaire uniforme (MCU)}{43}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Relation importante}{43}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.7}Lois de Kepler}{44}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}La m\IeC {\'e}canique}{49}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}La ``m\IeC {\'e}canique'' d'Aristote}{49}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Introduction}{49}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Platon}{49}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}Aristote}{50}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{50}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dynamique}{50}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}M\IeC {\'e}canique de Newton}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Introduction}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}M\IeC {\'e}canique}{53}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Les trois lois de Newton}{53}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Force ext\IeC {\'e}rieure}{54}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemples}{55}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Types de forces}{55}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Loi de la gravitation universelle}{56}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le poids}{56}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exemple}{57}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Masse et poids}{58}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Poids apparent}{58}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Gravitation et MCU}{60}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Troisi\IeC {\`e}me loi de Kepler}{61}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Les mar\IeC {\'e}es}{63}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le frottement}{67}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exemple}{68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{La force d'un ressort}{68}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exemple}{68}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}M\IeC {\'e}canique en plusieurs dimensions}{71}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}liminaires}{71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Dimensions}{71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Syst\IeC {\`e}me d'axes}{71}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Notion de vecteur en physique}{71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Norme d'un vecteur}{71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Op\IeC {\'e}rations vectorielles}{72}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{produit scalaire}{72}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Produit vectoriel}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}M\IeC {\'e}canique}{72}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{72}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Position}{72}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Vitesse}{73}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Dynamique}{73}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Premi\IeC {\`e}re loi}{73}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Seconde loi}{73}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Troisi\IeC {\`e}me loi}{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Exemples}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Statique}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Plan inclin\IeC {\'e}}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Balistique}{76}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Mouvement circulaire uniforme : MCU}{78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{D\IeC {\'e}finition}{78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Relation importante}{79}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dynamique}{80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Virages inclin\IeC {\'e}s}{80}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Vitesses minimales}{80}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Vitesses maximales}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Satellite en orbite g\IeC {\'e}ostationnaire}{82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Introduction}{82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Th\IeC {\'e}oriquement}{82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Num\IeC {\'e}riquement}{82}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Mouvement central}{82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement kepleriens}{83}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Loi de Kepler}{83}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}M\IeC {\'e}canique diff\IeC {\'e}rentielle}{85}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{85}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{85}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Exemples}{86}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement rectiligne uniform\IeC {\'e}ment acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}r\IeC {\'e} : MRUA}{86}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Port\IeC {\'e} maximum en balistique}{86}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Dynamique}{87}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}Int\IeC {\'e}gration}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chute libre}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Freinage}{87}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.2}\IeC {\'E}quation diff\IeC {\'e}rentielle}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chute dans un fluide visqueux}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement harmonique}{89}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement harmonique d'une masse pendante}{90}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mouvement non lin\IeC {\'e}aire}{91}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Impulsion et quantit\IeC {\'e} de mouvement}{93}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{93}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Quantit\IeC {\'e} de mouvement}{93}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Masse d'inertie}{93}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{94}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Choc parfaitement \IeC {\'e}lastique}{94}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Exemple}{94}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Choc parfaitement mou}{95}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.1}Exemple}{95}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.6}choc bidimentionnel}{96}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.6.1}Exemple}{96}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.7}Impulsion}{96}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.8}Impulsion et quantit\IeC {\'e} de mouvement}{96}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}L'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{97}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Introduction}{97}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Travail}{97}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Puissance}{98}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}\IeC {\'E}nergie potentielle}{98}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{99}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.6}Th\IeC {\'e}or\IeC {\`e}me de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{99}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.7}Conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{99}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.8}Variation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{101}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.9}\IeC {\'E}nergies renouvelables}{101}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.1}\IeC {\'E}nergie hydraulique}{101}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Exemple}{102}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Types de turbines}{103}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Alternateur}{103}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Probl\IeC {\`e}mes rencontr\IeC {\'e}s}{103}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie \IeC {\'e}olienne}{104}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie solaire}{105}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}nergie solaire thermique}{105}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}nergie solaire \IeC {\'e}lectrique}{107}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.9.4}\IeC {\'E}nergie g\IeC {\'e}othermique}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.10}\IeC {\'E}nergies non renouvelables}{108}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.1}\IeC {\'E}nergie nucl\IeC {\'e}aire}{109}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fission}{109}
\contentsline {paragraph}{D\IeC {\'e}chets radioactifs}{110}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Accidents nucl\IeC {\'e}aires}{111}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fusion}{111}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie de combustion : p\IeC {\'e}trole et gaz}{111}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}L'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{115}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Introduction}{115}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Le travail}{115}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.1}Historiquement}{115}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.2}D\IeC {\'e}finition}{116}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Travail simple}{116}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Travail et produit scalaire}{116}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Travail cas g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}ral}{116}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}L'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{117}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.1}Introduction}{117}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie potentielle}{118}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie cin\IeC {\'e}tique}{118}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.4}\IeC {\'E}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{118}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.5}Exemple}{118}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4}Conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{119}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.1}Introduction}{119}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.2}Th\IeC {\'e}or\IeC {\`e}me de conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{119}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.3}Exemples}{119}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5}Limite du th\IeC {\'e}or\IeC {\`e}me de conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie m\IeC {\'e}canique}{120}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.6}Forces conservatives}{120}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}D\IeC {\'e}finition}{120}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Exemple}{120}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Thermodynamique}{123}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Introduction}{123}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}Temp\IeC {\'e}rature}{123}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.2.1}Celsius}{123}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.2.2}Fahrenheit}{123}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.2.3}Kelvin}{124}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.2.4}Agitation mol\IeC {\'e}culaire}{124}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}Dilatation}{124}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.4}Chaleur}{125}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.4.1}Chaleur sp\IeC {\'e}cifique}{125}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.4.2}Chaleur latente}{125}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.5}\IeC {\'E}nergie thermique}{126}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.5.1}Premier principe}{127}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Thermodynamique}{129}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}Temp\IeC {\'e}rature et dilatation}{129}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.1.1}Temp\IeC {\'e}rature}{129}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.1.2}Dilatation}{129}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Chaleurs sp\IeC {\'e}cifique et latente}{131}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.1}Introduction}{131}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.2}Chaleur sp\IeC {\'e}cifique}{131}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chaleur massique}{131}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Capacit\IeC {\'e} thermique}{132}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Notion de mole}{132}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chaleur molaire}{132}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Relation entre chaleur massique et molaire}{133}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chaleur latente}{133}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}vaporation}{133}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.3}Bilan thermique}{134}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}Loi des gaz parfaits}{135}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.3.1}\IeC {\'E}quation d'\IeC {\'e}tat}{135}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Pression}{135}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}tat d'un gaz parfait}{135}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Approche intuitive}{135}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Approche mol\IeC {\'e}culaire}{136}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.3.2}Gaz parfait}{137}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.4}Premier principe}{137}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.1}Chaleur}{137}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.2}Travail}{138}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie interne}{138}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}quipartition de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{139}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.4}Premier principe}{139}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.5}Changements d'\IeC {\'e}tats}{139}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation isobare}{140}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation isochore}{140}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation isotherme}{141}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Transformation adiabatique}{141}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4.6}Chaleurs sp\IeC {\'e}cifiques}{143}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.5}Machines thermiques}{144}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.1}Machine simple}{144}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.2}Moteur \IeC {\`a} explosion}{146}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.3}Moteur Diesel}{148}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.4}Machine de Stirling}{150}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.5}R\IeC {\'e}frig\IeC {\'e}rateur}{150}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.6}Climatiseur}{150}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.7}Pompe \IeC {\`a} chaleur}{150}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5.8}Cycle de Carnot}{150}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.6}Thermodynamique statistique}{150}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.7}Second principe}{150}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Syst\IeC {\`e}mes d'unit\IeC {\'e}s}{151}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Introduction}{151}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Op\IeC {\'e}rateur d'unit\IeC {\'e}s}{151}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Analyse dimentionnelle}{152}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.4}Les unit\IeC {\'e}s du Syst\IeC {\`e}me International}{153}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.4.1}Exemple}{153}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.5}Conversions}{153}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.6}Sous-multiples}{154}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.7}Notation scientifique}{154}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.8}R\IeC {\`e}gles de calcul}{155}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}Deux syst\IeC {\`e}mes de coordonn\IeC {\'e}es}{157}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.1}Le syst\IeC {\`e}me de coordonn\IeC {\'e}es circulaires}{157}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.1.1}Introduction}{157}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.1.2}Description}{157}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.2}Coordonn\IeC {\'e}es sph\IeC {\'e}riques}{157}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2.1}Introduction}{157}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2.2}Description}{157}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2.3}Latitude et longitude}{158}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}Mesures de distances}{159}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.1}La taille de la Terre}{159}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {C.1.1}Le principe}{159}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {C.1.2}Techniquement}{160}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.2}La taille de la Lune}{161}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.3}La distance Terre-Lune}{161}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.4}La distance Terre-Soleil}{162}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.5}La distance des \IeC {\'e}toiles}{164}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {D}Travaux pratiques}{165}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.1}Le rapport de laboratoire}{165}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.1.1}Plan d'un rapport de travail pratique}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Pr\IeC {\'e}liminaires}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{R\IeC {\'e}sum\IeC {\'e}}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{But}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Th\IeC {\'e}orie}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description de l'exp\IeC {\'e}rience}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{166}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Discussion}{168}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Conclusion}{168}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Annexes}{168}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.2}La n\IeC {\'e}buleuse du Crabe}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.1}Introduction}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.2}But du travail pratique}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.3}Dispositif exp\IeC {\'e}rimental}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.4}Mesures}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.5}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.2.6}Analyse}{169}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.3}Le pendule simple}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.3.1}Les mesures}{169}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.3.2}Organisation des donn\IeC {\'e}es et graphiques}{170}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.4}Mouvement simple : MRU}{170}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.4.1}Les mesures}{170}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.4.2}Organisation des donn\IeC {\'e}es et graphiques}{170}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.4.3}Analyse des r\IeC {\'e}sultats}{170}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.5}Mouvement simple :\\MRUA}{170}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.1}But}{170}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.2}Th\IeC {\'e}orie}{171}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.3}Les mesures}{171}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.4}Organisation des donn\IeC {\'e}es et graphiques}{171}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.5.5}Galil\IeC {\'e}e et le plan inclin\IeC {\'e}}{171}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.6}La chute libre}{171}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.6.1}Cette exp\IeC {\'e}rience donnant lieu \IeC {\`a} un rapport not\IeC {\'e}, elle n'est pas d\IeC {\'e}crite.}{171}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {D.6.2}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{171}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.7}Le canon horizontal}{171}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {D.8}Le chariot \IeC {\`a} masse pendante}{172}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {E}Rotations}{173}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.1}Rotation de la Terre sur elle-m\IeC {\^e}me}{173}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.2}Rotation de la Terre autour du Soleil}{173}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.3}Rotation du Soleil dans la Voie Lact\IeC {\'e}e}{175}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.4}Vitesse et r\IeC {\'e}f\IeC {\'e}rentiel}{175}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {F}MRUA d\IeC {\'e}veloppements}{177}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {F.1}La position}{177}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {F.2}Une autre relation bien pratique}{177}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {F.2.1}Cin\IeC {\'e}matique}{177}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {F.2.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie}{178}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {G}Chute de la Lune}{179}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {G.1}Introduction}{179}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {G.2}Acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{179}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {G.3}Force de gravitation}{180}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {H}Satellite en orbite g\IeC {\'e}ostationnaire}{181}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.1}Introduction}{181}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.2}Th\IeC {\'e}oriquement}{181}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.3}Num\IeC {\'e}riquement}{182}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {H.4}Loi de Kepler}{182}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {I}Relativit\IeC {\'e}}{183}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.1}Relativit\IeC {\'e} galil\IeC {\'e}enne}{183}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.2}Transformation galil\IeC {\'e}enne}{184}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.3}Invariance}{185}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I.4}Forces inertielles}{185}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {I.4.1}Force d'inertie}{185}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {I.4.2}Force centrifuge}{186}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {J}Mar\IeC {\'e}es}{187}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.1}Introduction}{187}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.2}Centre de gravit\IeC {\'e}}{187}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.3}Force d'inertie}{188}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.3.1}Vitesse angulaire}{188}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.3.2}Force d'inertie}{188}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.4}Poids relatif}{189}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.5}Analyse diff\IeC {\'e}rentielle}{189}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.6}Autres rythmes}{189}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.1}D\IeC {\'e}calages}{190}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.2}Mar\IeC {\'e}es de vives et mortes eaux}{190}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.3}Mar\IeC {\'e}es d'\IeC {\'e}quinoxes}{190}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.4}Mar\IeC {\'e}es de p\IeC {\'e}rig\IeC {\'e}e et p\IeC {\'e}rih\IeC {\'e}lie}{191}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.5}Mar\IeC {\'e}es de d\IeC {\'e}clinaison}{191}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.6.6}Retards et mar\IeC {\'e}es c\IeC {\^o}ti\IeC {\`e}res}{191}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {J.7}Limite de Roche}{191}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.7.1}Mod\IeC {\`e}le simplifi\IeC {\'e}}{192}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {J.7.2}Exemples}{193}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {K}\IeC {\'E}nergies}{195}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.1}Introduction}{195}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.2}\IeC {\'E}nergie hydraulique}{195}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.3}\IeC {\'E}nergie \IeC {\'e}olienne}{196}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {K.3.1}R\IeC {\`e}gle de Betz}{196}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {K.3.2}\IeC {\'E}oliennes}{197}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}olienne de Collonges-Dor\IeC {\'e}naz}{197}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\IeC {\'E}oliennes du Mont Soleil (Jura suisse)}{197}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.4}G\IeC {\'e}othermie}{197}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {K.5}\IeC {\'E}nergie de combustion des d\IeC {\'e}chets}{198}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {L}Exercices}{199}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {L.1}Probl\IeC {\`e}mes}{199}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.1}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la conversion d'unit\IeC {\'e}s et \IeC {\`a} la notation scientifique}{199}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.2}Relatifs aux notions de d\IeC {\'e}placement, position et distance parcourue}{199}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.3}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la notion de vitesse}{200}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.4}Relatif \IeC {\`a} la notion d'acc\IeC {\'e}l\IeC {\'e}ration}{200}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.5}Relatif au MRU}{201}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.6}Relatif au MRUA}{201}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.7}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la physique aristot\IeC {\'e}licienne}{202}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.8}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la physique newtonienne}{202}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.9}Relatifs aux forces}{203}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.10}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{204}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.11}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} la conservation de l'\IeC {\'e}nergie}{204}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.12}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie hydraulique}{205}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.13}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie \IeC {\'e}olienne}{205}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {L.1.14}Relatifs \IeC {\`a} l'\IeC {\'e}nergie solaire}{205}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {L.2}Solutions}{206}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {M}Ordre de grandeur, erreur et incertitudes}{221}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {M.1}Ordre de grandeur}{221}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {M.2}\IeC {\'E}cart et erreur}{221}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {M.3}Incertitude}{222}