126 lines
9.9 KiB
TeX
126 lines
9.9 KiB
TeX
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\babel@toc {french}{}
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{15}{chapter.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{15}{section.1.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Rappels}{16}{section.1.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}Les lois de Newton}{16}{subsection.1.2.1}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Première loi (loi d'inertie)}{16}{section*.4}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Deuxième loi (principe fondamental)}{16}{section*.5}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Troisième loi (action et réaction)}{16}{section*.6}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}La loi de la gravitation universelle}{16}{subsection.1.2.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}Conclusion}{16}{subsection.1.2.3}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Électrostatique }{17}{chapter.2}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{17}{section.2.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}La loi de Coulomb}{17}{section.2.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}La charge électrique}{17}{subsection.2.2.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Le pendule électrique}{17}{subsection.2.2.2}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description de l'expérience}{17}{section*.8}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Explications}{17}{section*.9}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Les isolants}{19}{subsection.2.2.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}L'électroscope}{19}{subsection.2.2.4}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description de l'expérience}{19}{section*.10}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Explications}{19}{section*.12}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.5}Charge par influence}{19}{subsection.2.2.5}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description de l'expérience}{19}{section*.13}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Explications}{20}{section*.15}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.6}La machine de Van de Graaff}{20}{subsection.2.2.6}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description de l'expérience}{20}{section*.16}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Explications}{20}{section*.18}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.7}La machine de Wimshurst}{21}{subsection.2.2.7}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.8}La foudre}{21}{subsection.2.2.8}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.9}Conservation et charge élémentaire}{22}{subsection.2.2.9}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.10}La loi de Coulomb}{23}{subsection.2.2.10}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Le champ électrique}{24}{section.2.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}La loi de Coulomb}{24}{subsection.2.3.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}La notion de champ}{25}{subsection.2.3.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}Définition}{26}{subsection.2.3.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.4}Corollaires}{26}{subsection.2.3.4}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.5}La cage de Faraday}{27}{subsection.2.3.5}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.6}Lignes de champ}{27}{subsection.2.3.6}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.7}La notion de potentiel}{28}{subsection.2.3.7}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.8}Potentiel}{29}{subsection.2.3.8}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.9}Analogie gravitationnelle}{29}{subsection.2.3.9}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.10}Tension et potentiel électrique}{29}{subsection.2.3.10}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Électrocinétique}{33}{chapter.3}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Circuit et courant}{33}{section.3.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Ordre de grandeur}{33}{subsection.3.1.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Modélisation}{33}{subsection.3.1.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}Estimation numérique}{34}{subsection.3.1.3}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Vitesse thermique}{35}{section*.41}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Vitesse de dérive}{35}{section*.42}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Résistance et loi d'Ohm}{35}{section.3.2}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Sécurité électrique}{36}{section.3.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Introduction}{36}{subsection.3.3.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}L'électricité et l'homme}{37}{subsection.3.3.2}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Facteurs importants}{38}{section*.47}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Symptômes}{38}{section*.48}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Traitements}{38}{section*.50}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}Les mesures de sécurité}{38}{subsection.3.3.3}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Le réseau électrique}{38}{section*.51}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Pour les bâtiments}{39}{section*.53}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Pour l'homme}{40}{section*.55}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Énergie et puissance électrique}{41}{section.3.4}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Accumulateurs}{43}{section.3.5}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.1}Équations}{43}{subsection.3.5.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.2}Types d'accumulateurs}{44}{subsection.3.5.2}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.6}Circuits électriques : les multiprises}{45}{section.3.6}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.1}Circuit série}{45}{subsection.3.6.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.2}Circuit parallèle}{45}{subsection.3.6.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.3}Lois de Kirchhoff}{46}{subsection.3.6.3}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Résistance équivalente}{46}{section*.65}%
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\contentsline {paragraph}{Deux résistances en série}{46}{section*.66}%
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\contentsline {paragraph}{Deux résistances en parallèles}{47}{section*.68}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Lois de Kirchhoff}{47}{section*.70}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Magnétisme}{51}{chapter.4}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{51}{section.4.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Le champ magnétique}{51}{section.4.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Définitions}{51}{subsection.4.2.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Le champ magnétique terrestre}{52}{subsection.4.2.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}L'expérience d'\OE rsted}{53}{subsection.4.2.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Le magnétisme dans la matière}{55}{subsection.4.2.4}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.5}Application}{57}{subsection.4.2.5}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}La loi de Laplace}{57}{section.4.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Définition}{57}{subsection.4.3.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Exemple}{57}{subsection.4.3.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.3}Applications}{58}{subsection.4.3.3}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Galvanomètre}{59}{section*.89}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Moteur électrique}{59}{section*.91}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}La loi de Lorentz}{60}{section.4.4}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Définition}{60}{subsection.4.4.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Applications}{60}{subsection.4.4.2}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Télévision}{60}{section*.94}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Accélérateur de particules : le cyclotron}{62}{section*.97}%
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\contentsline {paragraph}{Le cyclotron en équations}{63}{section*.101}%
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\contentsline {paragraph}{Synchrocyclotron et synchrotron}{63}{section*.102}%
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\contentsline {subsubsection}{Spectrographe de masse}{64}{section*.103}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Électromagnétisme}{67}{chapter.5}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Nature de la lumière}{67}{section.5.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Applications}{68}{section.5.2}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Unités internationales}{75}{appendix.A}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Introduction}{75}{section.A.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Les unités choisies}{75}{section.A.2}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Exemple}{76}{section.A.3}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.4}Conversions}{76}{section.A.4}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.5}Multiples et sous-multiples}{76}{section.A.5}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.6}Notation scientifique}{76}{section.A.6}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.7}Valeurs importantes}{77}{section.A.7}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}Petite histoire de l'électricité}{79}{appendix.B}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.1}Introduction}{79}{section.B.1}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.2}Le galvanisme}{79}{section.B.2}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.3}Frankenstein}{80}{section.B.3}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.4}La pile de Volta}{82}{section.B.4}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.5}Courant et tension : Ampère}{84}{section.B.5}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.6}Ohm et la notion de résistance}{87}{section.B.6}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.7}Conclusion}{87}{section.B.7}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}La pile électrique}{89}{appendix.C}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {D}Ligne à haute tension}{93}{appendix.D}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {E}Exercices}{95}{appendix.E}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.1}Problèmes}{95}{section.E.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {E.1.1}Relatifs à la loi de Coulomb}{95}{subsection.E.1.1}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {E.1.2}Relatifs au champ électrique}{96}{subsection.E.1.2}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {E.1.3}Relatifs à la sécurité électrique}{96}{subsection.E.1.3}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {E.1.4}Relatifs aux loi d'Ohm et de Pouillet, à la puissance et à l'énergie}{97}{subsection.E.1.4}%
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {E.1.5}Relatifs au magnétisme}{98}{subsection.E.1.5}%
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.2}Solutions}{100}{section.E.2}%
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\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliographie}{117}{appendix*.141}%
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